论文部分内容阅读
我国古代伟大教育家孔子,在教育上有许多贡献,其中关于启发式教学的理论与实践,至今对我们还有所启发,有所借鉴。孔子生于公元前551年,卒于公元前479年。在他之前,人们所掌握运用的教学方法,是强灌硬填的注入式。这种教法不管学生的情况如何,不择手段(甚至采取野蛮的体罚)强迫学生进行学习。这种情况在我国古代文字的形象中都有反映。例如:教学的“教”字,在甲骨文里写作“(?)”。显然,左边两“×”表示学生,右边的“×”代表教师,垂直一竖,是一条棒。所谓“教”,就是教师手持大棒迫使学生学习。这从我国最早的典籍《尚书》的记载中也可得到印证,如“朴作教刑”。这就是说,未经加工的棍棒
Confucius, a great ancient educator in our country, has made a lot of contributions to education. The theory and practice of heuristic teaching so far have some inspiration for us and we can learn from it. Confucius was born in 551 BC, died in 479 BC. Before him, people use the method of teaching, is filling hard filling filling. Such teachings, regardless of the student’s circumstances, are being resorted to by unscrupulous corporal punishment (even brutal corporal punishment) to force students to study. This situation is reflected in the image of ancient Chinese characters. For example: the teaching of “teaching” in Oracle, writing “(?)”. Obviously, the two “x” on the left indicate the student, the “x” on the right represents the teacher, and the vertical one is a great one. The so-called “teach” is that teachers force sticks to force students to learn. This is also evidenced from the record of Shang Shu, the earliest classic of our country, such as “Po for teaching torture.” This means that unprocessed sticks