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[目的]了解上海市普陀区2004—2013年肺结核发病水平及流行病学特征,为制定针对性防控策略提供依据。[方法]采用描述性和比较的方法分析普陀区2 434例肺结核的流行病学特征、治疗结果及合并症等情况。[结果]2004—2013年普陀区的肺结核年登记率从27.57/10万下降到26.59/10万,年递降率为0.36%。年登记率和涂阳登记率男性高于女性,年龄别登记率在20~29、50~59及70~79岁呈现3个高峰。0~29岁年龄段肺结核病例男女比为1.21∶1,学生约占1/3,以初治(95.50%)、涂阴(69.59%)患者为主;30~59岁年龄段肺结核病例男女比为3.16∶1,家务待业和工人合计约占2/5,初治(82.29%)、涂阳(46.13%)患者偏多;60岁及以上年龄段男女比为2.84∶1,离退休者约占2/3,涂阳(61.78%)、有合并症(36.39%)患者偏多。肺结核病的治愈率随着年龄的增长有下降趋势,死亡率在高年龄组达高峰。[结论]普陀区户籍人口肺结核疫情呈稳步下降的趋势,但仍应根据不同年龄组人群特征采取针对性综合防制措施,加强学校肺结核的管理,提高患者治疗依从性,通过强化疾病综合治疗降低结核病死亡率。
[Objective] To understand the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Putuo District of Shanghai from 2004 to 2013 and provide the basis for making targeted prevention and control strategies. [Methods] Descriptive and comparative methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics, treatment outcomes and complications of 2 434 pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Putuo District. [Results] The annual registration rate of tuberculosis in Putuo District from 2004 to 2013 dropped from 27.57 / 100000 to 26.59 / 100000, the annual decline rate was 0.36%. The annual registration rate and smear registration rate were higher in males than in females. The age-specific registration rates showed three peaks at 20-29, 50-59 and 70-79 years old. The male to female ratio of tuberculosis patients aged from 1 to 29 was 1.21: 1, and the students accounted for about one third of the cases. The initial treatment (95.50%) and masculine (69.59%) patients were predominant. In the age group of 30 to 59, 3.16: 1, the total number of domestic workers and workers accounted for 2/5, the first rule (82.29%), smear positive (46.13%) patients were more; age 60 and over male to female ratio was 2.84: 1, retired Accounting for 2/3, smear positive (61.78%), patients with comorbidities (36.39%) were more. The cure rate of tuberculosis declines with age, and the mortality rate reaches the peak in the high age group. [Conclusion] The epidemic situation of pulmonary tuberculosis in household population of Putuo District shows a steady decline trend. However, we should take targeted comprehensive prevention and control measures according to the characteristics of different age groups to strengthen the management of school tuberculosis, improve the compliance of patients and reduce the comprehensive treatment by strengthening the disease Tuberculosis mortality.