我国幅员辽阔,地理气候条件复杂,灾害种类多,生频率高,损失严重,是世界上受自然灾害影响最为严重的国家之一。建国以来,仅气象、洪水、海洋、地质、地震、农、林等七大类突发性自然灾害,平均每年就造成近2～3万人死亡,直接经济损失高达国家财政收入的1/6～1/3,相当于建国以来用于基本建设方面的年平均投资。而且,随着经济的发展和人类活动的增强,自然灾害损 China is one of the countries in the world that is most affected by natural disasters because of its vast territory, complicated geographical and climatic conditions, many kinds of disasters, high frequency of births and serious losses. Since the founding of the People’s Republic, only seven or more natural disasters of meteorology, floods, oceans, geology, earthquakes, agriculture and forestry have caused an average of 2 to 30,000 deaths each year, with a direct economic loss of up to 1/6 of the state’s revenue ~ 1/3, equivalent to the annual average investment for capital construction since the founding of the People’s Republic. Moreover, with the economic development and human activities increased, natural disasters damage