一、引言逻辑推理是一种思维形式。它是由一个或几个命题推导出新命题的过程。逻辑代数中的命题运算正是由一个或几个命题构成一个新命题的过程,所以,逻辑推理实质上是一种命题运算。但是,命题演算得到的结果是可真可假的,而我们要求推理的结果是一个真命题。所以,“逻辑推理是指一种符合逻辑的正确的推理,利用它应当推出正确的结论”[文(1)]。因此,有些人称它为“有效推理”[文(2)]。(这里文(1),文(2)指参考文献(1),……,下同。) I. INTRODUCTION Logical reasoning is a form of thinking. It is the process of deriving new propositions from one or several propositions. The propositional operation in logical algebra is the process of constructing a new proposition by one or several propositions. Therefore, logical reasoning is essentially a propositional operation. However, the result of propositional calculus is truly falsifiable, and we demand that the result of reasoning is a true proposition. Therefore, “logical reasoning refers to a logical, correct reasoning, and the use of which should lead to the correct conclusion” [(1)]. Therefore, some people call it “effective reasoning” [(2)]. (Here text (1), text (2) refers to reference (1), ..., the same below.)