例1:女,31岁。因渐进性劳累后心慌、气促1年,上腹部胀痛伴下肢水肿20天入院。体查:血压12.0/8.0kPa。唇绀;颈静脉充盈。心尖搏动不明显,心界向两侧扩大,心率44次,律整。胸骨左缘4,5肋间闻及Ⅲ级收缩期吹风样杂音,伴震颤。心尖区第一音强弱不等,偶有炮击音,第二音分裂。肝肋下4cm,压痛;肝颈征(+)。双下肢凹陷性水 Example 1: Female, 31 years old. Due to progressive fatigue palpitation, shortness of breath 1 year, upper abdominal pain with lower extremity edema 20 days admitted. Physical examination: blood pressure 12.0 / 8.0kPa. Cyanosis; jugular vein filling. Apex beating is not obvious, heart to expand on both sides, heart rate 44 times, rhythm. On the left border of the sternal 4,5 intercostal smell and grade Ⅲ systolic hair-like murmur, with tremor. Apex intensity of the apex area ranging from occasional shell sound, the second sound split. Liver ribs 4cm, tenderness; liver neck sign (+). Depression of the lower limbs water