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玉米是我国的主要粮食作物之一,分布广,增产潜力大,狠抓玉米生产,是提高粮食总产量的一个重要措施。任何作物只有当它的生育特性、环境条件和栽培技术配合得当时才能获得高产。因此,深人了解玉米的形态构造和生长发育规律,将有助于上述三个因素的密切结合,使我们在制定栽培措施时能真正做到知己知彼,有的放矢,达到高产、稳产、低成本的目的。一、玉米各器官的构造及生理功能 (一)根 1.玉米的根系可分三种(图1)。 (1)初生根包括1条主胚根和3—7条侧胚根,主要是在最初2—3周的苗期内起吸收作用。 (2)次生根着生在地表下密集的地下茎节上。中熟品种一般有7层,
Corn is one of the main grain crops in our country. It has wide distribution and great potential for increasing production. Paying close attention to corn production is an important measure to increase the total grain output. Any crop can only achieve high yields if its reproductive characteristics, environmental conditions and cultivation techniques are properly matched. Therefore, a deep understanding of the morphological structure and growth and development pattern of maize will help to closely integrate the above three factors so that we can really know ourselves and target ourselves to achieve high yield, stable yield and low cost when formulating cultivation measures . First, the structure and physiological functions of various organs of corn (a) root 1. Corn roots can be divided into three types (Figure 1). (1) The primary root includes one main radicle and three to seven lateral radicles, which mainly absorb during the first 2-3 weeks of seedling. (2) secondary roots were born in the underground surface under the dense underground festival. Medium maturity varieties generally have 7 layers,