现代语言学把书面语看作是口头语的记录,口头语是语言交际最基本的方式。坎德林认为:外语学习是一个高度社会化的活动,活动中学习者处于协商过程当中,学习者运用已有知识,与他人分享和优化知识,去学习课程所要求掌握的内容。 Modern linguistics regards written language as a verbal record, and verbal language is the most basic way of verbal communication. Kandelin argues that foreign language learning is a highly social activity in which learners are already using the knowledge they already have, to share and optimize knowledge with others, and to learn what is required of the course.