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利用水文资料、当地群众的灌水经验、部分试验资料和理论公式来计算渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲的水资源总量和需水总量,计算结果显示:(1)渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲可以引用的地表水资源为30.71×108m3,不重复的地下水资源为0.39×108m3/a,水资源总量为31.10×108m3。(2)渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲种植业需水量为8.01×108m3,生态需水量为24.16×108m3,工业和生活需水量为1.22×108m3,总需水量为33.39×108m3,缺水量为2.29×108m3。(3)因地表水紧张,大量的开采利用地下水,地下水位大幅度下降,导致绿洲周边天然灌丛及草本植物的衰退。近10a来绿洲平原天然植被覆盖减少面积为12.58×104hm2。(4)研究区天然生态植被的生态用水多来源于地下水,其需水量为21.99×108m3,而地下水的各类补给量为19.94×108m3,天然生态植被的生态缺水量为2.05×108m3。因此,灌区内经济用水与最小生态用水的分配比例保持在9:1是非常必要的。
Using the hydrological data, irrigation experience of local people, some experimental data and theoretical formula to calculate the total amount of water resources and total water demand of Weigan-Kuqa River Delta oasis, the calculation results show that: (1) Weigan River-reservoir The available surface water resources of Chehe Delta oasis is 30.71 × 108m3, the undistributed groundwater resources is 0.39 × 108m3 / a, and the total amount of water resources is 31.10 × 108m3. (2) Water demand of Weigan-Kuqa Delta oasis plantation is 8.01 × 108m3, ecological water requirement is 24.16 × 108m3, industrial and domestic water demand is 1.22 × 108m3, total water demand is 33.39 × 108m3, water deficit 2.29 × 108m3. (3) Because of the shortage of surface water and the large exploitation of groundwater, the groundwater level dropped drastically, leading to the decline of natural shrubs and herbs around the oasis. In the past 10 years, the area of natural vegetation cover in the oasis plain decreased by 12.58 × 104hm2. (4) The ecological water use of natural ecological vegetation in the study area is mostly from groundwater, its water demand is 21.99 × 108m3, while that of groundwater is 19.94 × 108m3. The ecological water deficit of natural ecological vegetation is 2.05 × 108m3. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the distribution ratio of economic water to minimum ecological water in the irrigated area at 9: 1.