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肝病的实验室诊断方法可分两大类。一类是测定肝脏内源性产物的量是否高于或低于正常,临床应用最多的是各种酶与蛋白质的测定,即所谓常规或标准肝功能测定。这类检测的指标常只能反映肝脏是否有损害,如转氨酶的升高只反映肝细胞膜通透性增加或肝细胞坏死,而不是肝脏的功能,而且有些指标如胆红素、白蛋白、凝血酶原时间等不仅受到肝病的影响,在其它病理状态下也会发生改变。另一类是测定肝脏对某些外源性物质,如药物、染料等的代谢状况,亦称肝脏的清除试验,这类检查能较定量地反映肝脏的代谢能力和估计肝病的严重程度。
Laboratory diagnosis of liver disease can be divided into two categories. One is the determination of the amount of liver endogenous products is higher or lower than normal, the most clinical application of various enzymes and protein determination, the so-called routine or standard liver function test. Such tests often only reflect the indicators of liver damage, such as elevated aminotransferases reflect only increased liver cell membrane permeability or necrosis of liver cells, rather than the liver function, and some indicators such as bilirubin, albumin, coagulation Zymogen time is not only affected by liver disease, but also changes under other pathological conditions. The other is to determine the liver’s metabolism of some exogenous substances, such as drugs, dyes, etc., also known as liver clearance test, these tests can more accurately reflect the liver’s metabolic capacity and estimate the severity of liver disease.