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以籼型 (OryzasativaL .)杂交组合汕优 6 3为对照 ,以中粳 95 16、两系亚种间杂交组合培矮 6 4S/E32、培矮6 4S/ 9311、亚种间三系杂交稻冈优 881和两系杂交组合X0 7S/紫恢 10 0为材料 ,研究其在生育后期 (抽穗 -成熟 )自然条件下剑叶的叶绿素衰减、CO2 交换、叶绿素荧光参数和膜脂过氧化表现。结果表明 :水稻在生育后期伴随叶绿素衰减 ,其叶内的原初光化学效率Fv/Fm、PSⅡ非环式电子传递效率ΦPSⅡ 、电子流传递速率ETR都有相应地下降 ,这种光能转化的障碍使多余的光能传递给PSⅡ的还原侧 ,产生O-·2 累积 ,发生膜脂过氧化和MDA的积累 ,引起光合色素及光合膜的破坏 ,发生光氧化早衰。这种现象在品种间有明显差异 ,耐光氧化的粳稻 95 16 ,其叶内的Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ 、ETR、qP下降较少 ,具有较稳定的光能转化能力 ,不易早衰 ,具有较高的结实率 ;而对光氧化敏感的籼稻汕优 6 3其叶内的Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ 、ETR ,光化学猝灭参数qP下降较多 ,易发生膜脂过氧化 ,导致叶片早衰 ,影响水稻灌浆结实和产量 ;而二系的和三系的杂交稻的耐光氧化特性和早衰表现居于中间。从水稻超高产育种的角度出发 ,在目前株型良好的基础上 ,兼顾杂种优势和防止早衰两方面考虑 ,在母本中利用粳型或带有粳型基因的不育系是育种上一个值得重
Taking the cross of Shanyou 63 with the indica type (Oryzasativa L.) as the control, the hybrid rice Pei’ai 4 4S / E32, Pei’ai 6 4S / 9311, the intergeneric three-line hybrid rice Gangyou 881 and two-line hybrid combinations X0 7S / Ziyu 10 0 were used to study the chlorophyll decay, CO2 exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and membrane lipid peroxidation of flag leaf in the later growth stage (heading-maturing). The results showed that the initial photochemical efficiency Fv / Fm, PSⅡ acyclic electron transfer efficiency ΦPSⅡ and electron current transfer rate ETR decreased with the decay of chlorophyll during the late growth period of rice. The obstacle of light energy conversion Excess light energy is transferred to the reduction side of PSII, resulting in the accumulation of O-2, resulting in the accumulation of membrane lipid peroxidation and MDA, causing the destruction of photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic membranes, and photo-induced premature aging. There was a significant difference among the cultivars. The photosynthetic antioxidant rice 95 16 showed less decrease of Fv / Fm, ΦPSⅡ, ETR and qP in leaf, more stable phototransformation ability, less premature aging, higher But Fv / Fm, ΦPSⅡ, ETR and qP of photochemical quenching parameters in Shanyou 6 3, a sensitive indica rice, were more susceptible to photooxidation, leading to membrane lipid peroxidation, leading to premature leaf failure and affecting rice grain filling and fruiting And yield; while the second and third lines of hybrid rice light-resistant oxidation characteristics and premature aging performance in the middle. From the perspective of super-high-yielding rice breeding, based on the current good plant type, taking into account the advantages of both heterosis and premature premature failure, the use of japonica-type or japonica-type sterile lines in the female parent is the last worthwhile breeding weight