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双季栽培制中软质红皮冬小麦(Triticum oestivum)必须早熟。育种家历来用抽穗期或开花期作为成熟性的指示性状。作者旨在测定一个特定软质红皮冬小麦标准群体开花后可能影响成熟期的一些性状的变化。1987—1989年分别在几个田间试验中研究了产生于一个单交组合群体的44个F_5家系及相应的22个F_1、F_2和F_3种子世代。测定了开花期、花后20d(DAA)籽粒重、籽粒生长速率(KGR)、最终籽粒重和有效灌浆期(EFP)。估计了方差中直系加性方差、母系加性方差组分和遗传力。发现F_5家系间20DAA籽粒重和KGR有显著变异.而EFP差异不显著。在F_1和F_2世代中.20DAA籽粒重的KGR存在显著的母系效应(P≤0.05).但对F_3代无影响。在亲本系中.EFP的遗传力为0.16.开花期的遗传力为0.80。20DAA籽粒重与KGR间存在显著的遗传相关(r_o=0.99.P<0.01).这说明在早熟基因型的选育中.20DAA籽粒重可以作为籽粒生长速率的间接选择指标。
Triticum oestivum must be premature in double cropping. Breeders have always used heading or flowering as an indicator of maturity. The aim of the authors was to determine changes in some traits that may affect maturity after flowering in a given standard population of soft red-skin winter wheat. From 1987 to 1989, 44 F5 pedigrees and 22 F_1, F_2 and F_3 seed generations from a single cross combination population were studied in several field trials. Flowering stage, DAA grain weight, grain growth rate (KGR), final grain weight and effective grain filling stage (EFP) were measured at flowering stage. Estimating the variance of direct additive variance, matrilineal additive variance component and heritability. It was found that there was a significant variation in grain weight and KGR at 20 DAA between F_5 families, while EFP was not significantly different. In F_1 and F_2 generations, there was a significant maternal effect on grain weight of 20 DAA (P ≤ 0.05), but no effect on F_3 generation. In the parental line, the heritability of EFP was 0.16. The heritability of flowering was 0.80. The DAA had a significant genetic correlation with KGR (r_o = 0.99, P <0.01) .This indicated that in the breeding of early-maturity genotype .20 DAA grain weight can be used as an indirect indicator of grain growth rate.