论文部分内容阅读
干细胞是一类能够自我更新并分化形成多种组织细胞类型的原始细胞。基于其特殊的生物学性质,干细胞可作为器官再生的理想种子细胞。干细胞已成功被诱导为神经、心肌、皮肤、软骨、肝脏、胰岛、造血等不同类型组织细胞,为神经损伤、退行性变、胰岛素依赖性糖尿病、造血功能障碍等多种难治性疾病提供替代疗法。牙齿是人体中唯一的能在成体中再次发育而且结构相对简单的一个器官,因此牙齿再生已成为组织工程研究领域的热点。目前,在模式动物小鼠以及小型猪中已开展许多利用干细胞进行釉质、本质、牙髓以及牙周韧带等牙齿组织再生和整牙再生的研究。本文系统地概括了不同来源的干细胞(胚胎干细胞、成体干细胞和诱导多能干细胞)在牙齿再生研究中的应用。其中,成体干细胞具有来源广泛、便于采集培养以及不导入外源基因等优势,在牙齿再生的基础研究和临床应用中具有更大的价值。
Stem cells are a group of primitive cells that self-renew and differentiate to form a variety of cell types. Based on their specific biological properties, stem cells can be used as ideal seed cells for organ regeneration. Stem cells have been successfully induced into different types of tissue cells such as nerve, myocardium, skin, cartilage, liver, islet and hematopoiesis, providing an alternative to many refractory diseases such as nerve injury, degeneration, insulin-dependent diabetes and hematopoietic dysfunction therapy. Tooth is the only organ in the body to re-develop and relatively simple structure of an organ, so tooth regeneration has become a hot research field of tissue engineering. At present, many researches on stem tissue regeneration and tooth regeneration of enamel, essence, endodontic pulp and periodontal ligament, etc. have been carried out in model animal mice and miniature pigs. This article systematically summarizes the applications of stem cells (embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells) from different origins in the study of tooth regeneration. Among them, adult stem cells have a wide range of sources, easy to collect and culture and not to import foreign genes and other advantages, in the basic research and clinical application of tooth regeneration has greater value.