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用A_N值法测定了吉林省三种主要土壤(白浆土、黑土、淡黑钙土)上和14个大豆品种在黑土上的大豆—根瘤菌共生固氮量。查明大豆从空气中固定的氮量占植株全氮产量的50—70％,以黑土为最高,淡黑钙土最低。在黑土上,每公顷约可固氮98公斤。在施用大量有机肥条件下,淡黑钙土上的固氮百分率也显著提高。说明土壤基础肥力对根瘤固氮起重要作用。不同大豆品种的固氮量差异很大,在45公斤—100公斤/公顷之间。说明选育高固氮品种的潜力很大。除固氮外,大豆可通过根、叶,每年向每公顷土壤归还氮素26公斤,针对重玉米轻大豆的现状,通过和玉米比较,从粮食品质、产品价格、节约化肥(能源)、培养地力等方面,讨论了发展大豆的经济效益,建议在白浆土地区大豆面积恢复到30％,黑土地区20％,淡黑钙土地区10％,1990年前全省增加大豆440万亩。由固氮和节约氮肥共计相当标准氮肥15.1万吨。可获总经济效益近两亿元。
The A_N value method was used to determine the symbiotic nitrogen fixation of soybean and rhizobia on three main soils in Jilin Province (albic soil, black soil, chernozem soil) and 14 soybean varieties on black soil. It was found that nitrogen fixed in the air accounts for 50-70% of the total nitrogen production of the plant, with black soil as the highest and light chernozem as the lowest. In the black soil, nitrogen per hectare can be about 98 kilograms. Under the condition of applying a large amount of organic fertilizer, the percentage of nitrogen fixation on the calcareous soil is also significantly increased. This shows that soil fertility plays an important role in nitrogen fixation of nodules. The nitrogen fixation of different soybean varieties varies widely, ranging from 45 kg to 100 kg / ha. This shows that there is great potential for breeding high nitrogen-fixing varieties. In addition to nitrogen fixation, soybean can return 26 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare per year through roots and leaves. According to the status quo of heavy maize and light soybeans, compared with corn, soybean fertilizers (energy) can be cultivated from grain quality and product prices And other aspects, discussed the economic benefits of developing soybean. It is suggested that the area of soybean will be restored to 30% in white soil area, 20% in black soil area and 10% in light chernozem soil. Before 1990, the province added 4.4 million hectares of soybean. By nitrogen fixation and nitrogen fertilizer save a total of 151,000 tons of nitrogen fertilizer standard. The total economic benefits will be nearly 200 million yuan.