近代中国民办传统工业未能普遍稳定地转变为“工厂”这一企业组织形式,且其组织方式的变化不同于西欧先进国家,组织方式的选择是不同契约形式的抉择,本文以经济主体的成本、收益为分析主线,试图分析中国民办传统手工业发展过程中的组织方式的选择问题且探寻其是否也存在一些被有意忽视了的“合理内核”,认为商人包买主的存在、手工工场和包买商制度选择的反复,是由于在发育不健全的、高度竞争的、高风险的中国商品市场和要素市场的条件下市场主体进行的理性选择的必然结果。 Modern private traditional industries in China failed to change generally and steadily into the form of “factory” enterprise organization, and its organizational change is different from the advanced countries in Western Europe. The choice of organizational forms is the choice of different forms of contract. In this paper, the cost of economic subjects , The main benefit of the analysis of the main line of trying to analyze the development of China’s private traditional handicrafts organization choice and to explore whether there are some deliberately ignored the “reasonable core”, that the existence of merchant package buyers, handicraft workshop and package buy The repetition of the choice of commercial system is the inevitable result of the rational choice made by the market participants under the conditions of underdeveloped, highly competitive and high-risk Chinese commodity and factor markets.