Meiosis is pivotal for sexual reproduction and fertility.Meiotic programmed DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs)initiate homologous recombination,ensuring faithful chromosome segregation and generation of gametes.However,few studies have focused on meiotic DSB formation in human reproduction.Here,we report four infertile siblings born to a consanguineous marriage,with three brothers suffering from non-obstructive azoospermia and one sister suffering from unexplained infertility with normal menstrual cycles and normal ovary sizes with follicular activity.An autosomal recessive mutation in TOP6BL was found co-segregating with infertility in this family.Investigation of one male patient revealed failure in programmed meiotic DSB formation and meiotic arrest prior to pachytene stage of prophase I.Mouse models carrying similar mutations to that in patients recapitulated the spermatogenic abnormal-ities of the patient.Pathogenicity of the mutation in the female patient was supported by observations in mice that meiotic programmed DSBs failed to form in mutant oocytes and oocyte maturation failure due to absence of meiotic recombination.Our study thus illustrates the phenotypical characteristics and the genotype-phenotype correlations of meiotic DSB formation failure in humans.