目的了解沈阳市学龄前儿童视力及屈光状态,为防治儿童屈光不正提供依据。方法采取整群随机抽样方法,抽取沈阳市10所幼儿园全体3～6岁儿童,应用儿童图形视力表检查视力,美国伟伦Suresight手持式自动验光仪进行屈光检查。结果学龄前儿童视力不良率为11.3%。随着年龄增长,视力不良率有增高的趋势。3～6岁儿童群体屈光筛查异常率为21.1%。儿童视力正常眼的屈光异常以远视和散光为主,且均以轻度为多。视力不良眼中近视所占的比例上升。>1.50 D的散光眼占所有视力不良散光眼的75.2%。无论视力正常还是视力不良眼,各年龄组间远视、近视、混合散光差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论学龄前儿童屈光不正应成为监测和干预的重点,尤其是视力检查正常但屈光不正的儿童,应作为学龄前儿童眼保健工作的重点监测对象。 Objective To understand the visual acuity and refractive status of preschool children in Shenyang and to provide basis for prevention and treatment of refractive errors in children. Methods A cluster random sampling method was adopted to collect the children from 3 to 6 years old from 10 kindergartens in Shenyang City. Visual acuity was checked with the chart of children’s visual acuity. The American Weilun Suresight hand-held autorefractometer was used for refractive examination. Results The preschool children’s vision defect rate was 11.3%. With age, the rate of poor vision tends to increase. The abnormal rate of refraction screening in children aged 3 ~ 6 was 21.1%. Children with normal vision and refractive abnormal eye hyperopia and astigmatism, and were mild to much. Poor eyesight in the proportion of myopia increased. Astigmatism> 1.50 D accounts for 75.2% of all eyes with astigmatism. There was no significant difference in hyperopia, myopia and mixed astigmatism among all age groups, regardless of normal vision or poor eyesight (P> 0.05). Conclusion Preschool children with refractive errors should be the focus of monitoring and intervention. Especially for children with normal visual acuity but with refractive errors, they should be the focus of eye care for preschool children.