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人口问题是全球五大问题之一。少数民族地区的民族人口问题,是民族地区和社会进步与经济发展的重要问题之一。因此,发展的战略方针之一是增强民族地区的人口素质,加速民族地区社会经济发展。 一、从“两种生产”理论看人口因素在经济发展中的作用。 “两种生产”理论是历史唯物主义的一条基本原理。物质资料生产和人类自身生产是社会生产这一矛盾统一体的两个方面。马克思和恩格斯肯定了人的两重性——自然性和社会属性。马克思在《政治经济学批判》一文中指出:“马尔萨斯撇开了人口运动的这些一定的历史规律。这些规律由于是人类本性的历史,所以是自然的规律。但仅仅是在一定生产力发展水平一定历史发展阶段上的人的自然规律,而这种生产力发展水平是受人类本身历史过程制约的”。恩格斯也从一般意义上分析过人类自身和社会物质生产之间的关系。他在《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》一书第一版序言中指出:“根据历史唯物主义观点,历史中的决定因素,归根结蒂是直接生活的生产和再生产。但是,生产本身又有两种:一方面是生活资料,即食物、衣服、住房以及为此所必需的工具生产,另一方面是人类自身的生产,即种的繁衍”。这两段话,明确地指出了人口与经济是人类社会发展的两大因素。人类社会出现后,人类自?
The issue of population is one of the top five global issues. Ethnic population in ethnic minority areas is one of the important issues in ethnic areas, social progress and economic development. Therefore, one of the strategic guidelines for development is to enhance the population quality in ethnic areas and speed up the social and economic development in ethnic areas. First, from the “two kinds of production” theory to see the role of population factors in economic development. The “two kinds of production” theory is a basic principle of historical materialism. The production of material data and the production of human beings themselves are two aspects of the unification of contradictions in social production. Marx and Engels have affirmed the dual nature of man - nature and social attributes. In his article “A Critique of Political Economy”, Marx pointed out: “Malthus aside these certain historical rules of population movements, which are laws of nature because of their history of human nature, but only have a certain history at a certain level of productivity development Development stage of the natural laws of mankind, and this level of development of productive forces is governed by the historical process of mankind itself. ” Engels also analyzed in a general sense the relationship between human beings and the material production of society. In the preface to the first edition of “The Origins of Family, Private Ownership and State,” he pointed out: "According to historical materialism, the determinants of history are, in the final analysis, the direct production and reproduction of life, but the production itself has Two kinds: on the one hand is the means of subsistence, that is to say the production of food, clothing, shelter and the tools necessary for doing so, on the one hand, and the production of mankind itself, on the other hand. These two passages clearly point out that population and economy are two major factors in the development of human society. After the advent of human society, human self?