为了提高高氯酸铵（AP）的热分解性能，采用蒸发诱导自组装的方法制备了Cu1/Al2O3单原子催化剂。采用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、电感耦合等离子发射光谱（ICP‑OES）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线吸收光谱（XAS）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对催化剂形貌和结构进行了表征，并利用差示扫描量热法（DSC）和热重分析法（TG）研究了其对AP热分解性能的影响。结果表明，活性金属铜以Cu—O键形式稳定在载体表面，呈现均匀的单原子分散状态，Cu负载量高达8.7%质量分数；当Cu1/Al2O3单原子催化剂用量为质量分数5%时，AP的高温分解峰温为319 ℃，与纯AP相比提前了85 ℃，催化效果明显优于前驱体Cu（NO3）2·3H2O以及常见的nano‑CuO催化剂，表明Cu1/Al2O3单原子催化剂对AP的热分解具有优异的催化作用。“,”To improve the thermal decomposition performance of ammonium perchlorate （AP）， Cu1/Al2O3 single‑atom catalyst was prepared through the evaporation induced self‑assembly （EISA） method. The morphology and structure of prepared Cu1/Al2O3 single‑atom catalyst were characterized by X‑ray diffractometer （XRD）， inductively coupled plasma （ICP‑OES）， transmission electron microscopy （TEM）， X‑ray absorption spectroscopy （XAS） and X‑ray photoelectron spectrometer （XPS）. The effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate（AP）was also investigated by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and thermal gravimetry （TG）. Results show that Cu atoms were dispersed and stabilized through oxygen bridge bonds on the Al2O3 supporter. The Cu loading was determined to be 8.7%. When the content of Cu1/Al2O3 single‑atom catalyst is 5%， the high‑temperature exothermic decomposition peak temperature of AP decreases to 319 ℃， which was 85 ℃ lower than that of pure AP. This Cu1/Al2O3 single‑atom catalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance on the thermal decomposition of AP， which was more effective than Cu（NO3）2·3H2O and nano‑CuO catalyst.