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目的分析深圳市2009-2013年麻疹免疫失败病例流行病学特征,为制定麻疹防控措施提供科学依据。方法对深圳市2009-2013年法定传染病报告系统中的报告麻疹病例个案数据进行描述性分析。结果 2009-2013年深圳市共报告麻疹病例1 867例,其中麻疹免疫失败病例占9.8%(182/1 867),不同年份构成比不一致,差异有统计学意义(χ2=23.201,P=0.000)。麻疹免疫失败病例以小年龄组为主,8月龄~2岁占56.0%,14岁及以上病例仅占9.4%,免疫失败病例和报告麻疹总病例年龄构成不同,差异有统计学意义(χ2=122.621,P=0.000)。不同年份免疫失败病例所占构成比并不一致,差异有统计学意义(χ2=23.201,P=0.000)。除出疹、柯氏斑外,麻疹免疫失败病例中发热、咳嗽、卡他症状、结膜炎、淋巴结肿大及关节疼痛发生率均低于麻疹病例中无免疫史组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论麻疹免疫失败病例在麻疹病例中占有一定的比例,以小年龄组为主,第2剂次复种非常必要。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles immunization failure in Shenzhen from 2009 to 2013 and provide a scientific basis for the development of measles prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive analysis was made on case data of reported cases of measles in the reporting system of notional infectious diseases in Shenzhen from 2009 to 2013. Results A total of 1 867 cases of measles were reported in Shenzhen in 2009-2013, of which 9.8% (182/1 867) died of measles immunization. The proportions in different years were not consistent with statistically significant differences (χ2 = 23.201, P = 0.000) . Measles immunization failed mainly in the small age group, ranging from 8 months to 2 years old, accounting for 56.0% and 14 years old and above, accounting for only 9.4%. The age of immunosuppression cases and reported cases of measles were of different composition with statistically significant differences (χ2 = 122.621, P = 0.000). The proportions of immune failure cases in different years were not consistent, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 23.201, P = 0.000). In addition to rash and kelp spots, the incidence of fever, cough, catarrhal symptoms, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy and joint pain were all lower in cases of measles immunization than in those without measles (the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). Conclusion The cases of measles immune failure occupy a certain proportion of measles cases, mainly in the small age group, the second dose of multiple is very necessary.