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调查程序是国际人权法中一种较为常见的准司法/司法程序,具有相对的独立性和辅助性、启动的主动性、保密性、所针对的人权侵犯情形的严重性、要求被调查国的高度配合等特征。国际劳工组织是调查程序的先行者,具有较为丰富的实践,并取得了较好的效果。美洲、非洲和欧洲区域性人权机构在调查程序方面的实践也较为丰富,效果较为明显。联合国人权公约中规定的调查程序的实践较为贫乏,相对而言,禁止酷刑委员会的实践较多并取得了良好的效果。由于受到多种因素的制约,调查程序的作用并未充分发挥出来。建议从三个方面改进调查程序:提高人权机构的独立性和公正性,增进缔约国与人权机构之间的互相信任;促进联合国和区域性人权公约中的调查程序的发展;促进非政府人权组织在调查程序中发挥的积极作用。
The investigation procedure is a relatively common quasi-judicial / judicial procedure in international human rights law. It has the relative independence and assistance, the initiation initiative, the confidentiality, the seriousness of the human rights violations against which it is directed, Highly matched features. The ILO is the forerunner of the investigation procedure, has a wealth of practice and has achieved good results. Regional human rights institutions in the Americas, Africa and Europe are also more experienced in investigative procedures and more effective. The investigation procedures stipulated in UN human rights conventions are relatively poor in practice. In contrast, the Committee against Torture practices more and has achieved good results. Due to many factors, the role of the investigation procedure has not been brought into full play. It is suggested that the investigation process be improved from three aspects: improving the independence and impartiality of human rights institutions, enhancing mutual trust between States parties and human rights institutions, promoting the development of investigation procedures in the United Nations and regional human rights conventions, promoting non-governmental human rights organizations at Investigation process to play a positive role.