党的十四大为上海及浦东的发展确定与描绘了宏伟的战略蓝图:“以上海浦东开发为龙头,进一步开放长江沿岸城市,尽快把上海建成国际经济、金融、贸易中心之一,带动长江三角洲和整个长江流域地区经济的新飞跃。”浦东的开发开放标志着我国的改革开放进入了一个崭新的历史发展时期,也对我国的外资引进与特区开发提出了更高的发展战略课题。在浦东开发五周年即将来临之际,对浦东开发的时代特色与比较优势作一简要回顾,对于我们进一步加深对邓小平对外开放与特区理论的理解,以及推进全国开发区建设具有十分重要的意义。 一、顺时应势的伟大决策 90年代以后,世界政治、经济格局正处于一个旧秩序被打破而新秩序尚未建立的动荡时期。世界经济的区域经济集团化发展日趋加剧,导致贸易保护主义倾向日渐严重;在国际政治经济形势影响下,国际资本出现了一系列不利于我国吸引外资的新的分流趋势。这些使我们以扩大出口和引进外资为主要内容的沿海经济发展战略的实施,面临着十分严峻的挑战。同时,世界范围内的产业升级和产业结构调整正在进行,尤其是 The 14th CPC National Congress has set an ambitious strategic blueprint for the development of Shanghai and Pudong: “With Shanghai’s Pudong development as a leader, we will further open the cities along the Yangtze River and build Shanghai into one of the international economic, financial and trade centers as soon as possible to drive the development of the Yangtze River The delta and the entire Yangtze valley. ”The development and opening up of Pudong in China marked a new period of historical development in China’s reform and opening up. It also put forward a higher development strategy issue for the introduction of foreign investment and the development of the special zone in our country. At the forthcoming fifth anniversary of Pudong development, a brief review of the characteristics and comparative advantages of the development of Pudong is of great significance to further deepening Deng Xiaoping’s understanding of the opening up to the outside world and the development of the national development zones. I. Great Decision on Time and Responsibility Since the 1990s, the world’s political and economic pattern is at a time of turbulence in which an old order has been broken and a new order has not yet been established. The development of collectivization of regional economy in the world economy has been aggravating day by day. As a result, trade protectionism tended to become more and more serious. Under the influence of the international political and economic situation, there emerged a series of new trends in international capital that are unfavorable to our country’s attraction of foreign capital. These implementation of the coastal economic development strategy that takes us as the main content of expanding exports and attracting foreign investment are facing very serious challenges. At the same time, industrial upgrading and industrial restructuring worldwide are under way, especially