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在政治领域内,代表制是民主政治制度的重要组成部分之一,是近代代议制运行的枢纽。强制委托代表制和独立自主代表制作为两种重要的代表制,前者强调代表的言行须听从选民;后者强调代表的言行应自主决断,体现了不同的政治理念。但是,直到法国大革命的爆发,强制委托代表制和独立自主代表制之间的冲突才得以充分展现,并一直纠结着法国革命人士,成为他们挥之不去的难题。法国革命人士之间的代表制理念之争,不仅影响了《人权宣言》和1791年宪法文本的制定,而且影响了法国大革命期间宪政制度的构建。
In the political field, the representation system is one of the important components of a democratic political system and the pivot of the modern representative system. Mandatory delegate system and independent delegate system are two important representative systems. The former emphasizes that the deeds of the deputies should obey the voters. The latter emphasizes that the deeds and deeds of the deputies should be determined independently and embody different political concepts. However, it was not until the French Revolution broke out that the clashes between the mandatory commissioned representative system and the independent representative system were fully demonstrated and the French revolutionaries were entangled with them until they became lingering puzzles. The controversy over the concept of representation among French revolutionaries not only affected the formulation of the “Declaration of Human Rights” and the constitution of 1791, but also affected the constitutional system during the French Revolution.