清代东北地区的穆斯林“旗下人”那晓波，麻秀荣咸丰朝以前，东北地区曾是清王朝发遣流犯的重要之地，被遣戌之人多为中原内地的汉族士绅平民，同时也有一定数量的回回等族穆斯林。这些以遣成方式流徙东北各地的穆斯林，其人数并不十分众多，他们大多是以“旗奴”之身份，... Before the Xianghu Dynasty toward the Muslims in the northeast of Qing Dynasty, the “men of the minority” of the Muslims in Na Xiaobo and Ma Xiurong were the important places where the northeast region was a sentinel defender of the Qing dynasty. Most of the sentient beings were Chinese gentry civilians in the Central Plains. There are also a number of Muslims returning to their hometowns. The Muslims who have been exiled to various places in northeast China are not very many in number, most of whom are in the status of “flag slaves,” ...