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本文利用地面模拟研究对水体悬浮泥沙含量遥感中的一些关健问题进行了深入的探讨.在0.38～1.10微米波段内测定了含有悬浮泥沙水体的反射光谱特性,确定了反射光谱特性与泥沙含量之间的关系.利用曲线拟合法,求得了光谱反射比、波段的平均反射比与水体悬浮泥沙含量之间的最佳拟合函数(即最佳回归方程).结果表明,波段不同则最佳回归方程的函数形式亦不同.回归分析的结果指出,水体悬浮泥沙含量的最佳遥感波段是ERTS和LANDSAT-D的5波段,最佳遥感波长是0.60微米.此外,还研究了拟合优度不同的回归方程对最佳遥感波段选择和泥沙含量遥感探测准确度的影响.计算证明,拟合优度非最佳的回归方程不但会导致最佳波段的错误选择,而且亦将造成水体泥沙含量的遥感探测准确度的严重下降.本文的模拟研究不仅为水体悬浮泥沙含量的航空和卫星遥感提供了有价值的理论依据,而且在模拟实验的基础上提出了一种利用光谱辐射计对地表水体悬浮泥沙含量进行地面遥测的新设想.
In this paper, some key problems in the remote sensing of suspended sediment content in water are discussed in detail by using the ground simulation method.The reflection spectral characteristics of suspended sediment containing water are measured in the range of 0.38 ~ 1.10 μm, and the characteristics of reflectance spectra and mud Sand content.The curve fitting method was used to obtain the best fitting function (ie, the best regression equation) between the spectral reflectance, the average reflectance of the band and the suspended sediment content in the water.The results show that the bands are different The result of regression analysis shows that the best RS band of suspended sediment is 5-band of ERTS and LANDSAT-D, and the best remote sensing wavelength is 0.60 μm.In addition, The regression equation with different goodness of fit has the best effect on the selection of the best remote sensing band and the accuracy of the remote sensing of sediment content.It is proved by calculation that the regression equation with the best fitting result will not only lead to the wrong selection of the best band but also Will result in a serious decline in the accuracy of remote sensing detection of sediment content in water.The simulation study in this paper not only provides valuable data for aeronautical and satellite remote sensing of suspended sediment content Based on the simulation experiments, a new idea of using surface radiometry to measure the suspended sediment content in surface water is proposed.