民族问题是导致苏联解体的根本原因之一，且至今仍困扰着俄罗斯联邦并成为其社会不安定的重要因素。然而在独立后的哈萨克斯坦，民族关系相对缓和与稳定，这与贯彻纳扎尔巴耶夫总统的民族理论和政策有直接关系。本文着重介绍纳扎尔巴耶夫的民族理论，尽可能客观地向民族理论学界提供一些参考资料。 The ethnic issue was one of the fundamental causes of the Soviet Union’s dissolution and has so far plagued the Russian Federation and has become an important factor in its social instability. However, in post-independence Kazakhstan, ethnic relations have been relatively relaxed and stable, which is directly related to the implementation of Nazarbayev’s ethnic theories and policies. This article focuses on Nazarbayev’s ethnic theory, as far as possible objectively to the national theory of scholars to provide some reference material.