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利用基因组原位杂交(genomic in situ hybridization,GISH)技术,对栽培稻(Oryza sativa L.)与疣粒野生稻(O.meyeriana)远缘杂种二倍体(AG)及四倍体(AAGG)进行鉴定。通过对其主要农艺性状和减数分裂的比较和分析,探讨染色体加倍对杂种的影响,明确杂种不育的原因及其利用潜力。GISH检测结果证实了杂种的真实性,杂种细胞中来自疣粒野生稻的染色体有红色杂交信号,而来自栽培稻的染色体上无杂交信号。杂种四倍体的株高、剑叶长、穗颖花数、颖壳长/宽等与二倍体相比明显增加,显示出明显的多倍体优势。二者的减数分裂也存在很大差异,杂种二倍体减数分裂过程紊乱,杂种四倍体减数分裂过程则基本正常。染色体加倍明显改善了杂种的减数分裂,但杂种四倍体仍不能结实,推测杂种的不育性很可能与核质亲和性有关。但杂种在新品种(系)或育种中间材料选育上仍具有改造和利用的潜力,无芒特性使其在芒的遗传研究及多倍体水稻芒的改造等方面同样具有重要作用。
The hybrids of diploid (AG) and tetraploid (AAGG) of distant hybrids of Oryza sativa L. and O. meyeriana were genotype in situ hybridized (GISH) Identification. Through the comparison and analysis of its main agronomic traits and meiosis, this paper explored the effect of doubling chromosomes on the hybrids, and clarified the causes and potential utilization of hybrid sterility. The GISH test confirmed the authenticity of hybrids. The chromosomes from warty wild rice in hybrid cells had a red hybridization signal, while the hybrid rice derived from cultivated rice had no hybridization signal. The height of tetraploid hybrids, the length of flag leaves, the number of spikelets, and the length / width of glume were obviously increased compared with diploid, which showed the obvious advantages of polyploid. The meiosis of the two is also very different, hybrid diploid meiosis process disorder, hybrid tetraploid meiosis process is basically normal. Chromosome doubling significantly improved hybrid meiosis, but tetraploid hybrids still can not be strong, speculated that hybrid sterility is likely to be related to the nuclear phase affinity. However, the hybrids still have potential for transformation and utilization in the breeding of new varieties (lines) or breeding intermediate materials. The characteristics of hybrids also play an important role in the genetic research of Mount Man and the transformation of polyploid rice plants.