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海湾战争及科索沃战争的经验表明,现代空战环境在不断恶化,参战飞机和机载武器性能不断提高,以攻击机、轰作机、巡航导弹和新一代战斗机为主攻武器,同时还有各种电子干扰机、GPS和空中加油机,可见,夺取制空权是取得战争胜利的有力保证。为了能使处于第一道防线并面临最大危险的作战飞机具有对付预警机、干扰机的能力,研制新一代高性能的雷达型超视距空空导弹已引起世界各国的广泛重视。在1991年海湾战争中,中距空对空导弹击落飞机数目第一次超过近距格斗导弹,反映了现代空战的发展趋势,预示着超视距空战将成为未来空中作战的主要样式。本文将介绍俄罗斯现役和在研的几种主要中远距空空导弹。R—77(AA—12)
The experience of the Gulf War and the Kosovo War shows that the modern air combat environment is deteriorating. The performance of war planes and airborne weapons is constantly increasing. Attacker aircraft, bombers, cruise missiles and the new generation of fighter jets are the main weapons. At the same time, various electronic Jamming machines, GPS and air refueling machines, we can see that the capture of the air superiority is a powerful guarantee for the victory of the war. In order to make the combat aircraft in the first line of defense and facing the greatest danger have the ability to deal with early-warning aircraft and jamming machines, the development of a new generation of high-performance radar-type BVR air-to-air missiles has drawn the attention of all countries in the world. In the 1991 Gulf War, the number of mid-range air-to-air missile shotdown aircraft surpassed short-range combat missiles for the first time, reflecting the development trend of modern air combat, indicating that over-the-horizon air combat will become the main style of future air combat. This article will introduce several major mid- and long-range air-to-air missiles currently in active service in Russia. R-77 (AA-12)