肿瘤细胞的漫润转移往往是恶性肿瘤患者死亡的主要原因。对恶性肿瘤转移的确切过程及其机制的研究已成为当今热点。肿瘤转移是由一系列复杂而连续的步骤所组成,涉及肿瘤自身与宿主之间错综复杂的关系,受到多种因素及相关基因的调控。目前从细胞和分子水平可将肿瘤转移的发生归纳为以下几个方面:①原发肿瘤细胞的生长增殖及转移性细胞亚群转移表型的产生。②肿瘤转移相关基因激活和/或转移抑制基因失活。③粘附分子介导肿瘤细胞与细胞外基质粘附。④肿瘤细胞释放多种蛋白水解酶降解胞外基质、基膜。⑤肿瘤细胞迁移和运动通过水解破坏的组织间隙向局部浸润或经血管和淋巴管向远处纵深发 Malignant metastasis of tumor cells is often the leading cause of death in patients with malignant tumors. The exact process of tumor metastasis and its mechanism has become a hot topic today. Tumor metastasis is composed of a series of complex and continuous steps that involve the intricate relationship between the tumor itself and the host and is regulated by a variety of factors and related genes. At present, the occurrence of tumor metastasis can be summarized as follows from the aspects of cell and molecular level: (1) the growth and proliferation of primary tumor cells and the metastatic phenotype of metastatic cell subsets. ② tumor metastasis-related gene activation and / or metastasis suppressor inactivation. ③ adhesion molecules mediated tumor cells and extracellular matrix adhesion. ④ tumor cells release a variety of proteolytic enzymes degradation of extracellular matrix, basement membrane. ⑤ migration and movement of tumor cells through the hydrolysis of tissue damage to the local invasion or by vascular and lymphatic vessels to the depths of the deep hair