外泌体(exosome)是由多种细胞分泌的膜性纳米囊泡,携带蛋白、m RNA、mi RNA和脂质等内含物,通过靶细胞传递内含物,介导细胞与细胞之间的通讯。孕妇血浆中由胎盘释放的外泌体浓度是未孕女性的50倍,子痫前期患者体内外泌体的蛋白和mi RNA的表达水平发生了变化,使母体滋养细胞侵袭能力不足、降低内皮细胞的功能和血管生成能力,导致子痫前期等病理性妊娠。所以孕妇血浆中外泌体表达谱的改变可应用于胎盘功能紊乱的临床诊断。 Exosomes are membranous nanovesicles secreted by many kinds of cells and carry inclusions such as protein, m RNA, mi RNA and lipids, transfer the contents through target cells, and mediate cell-cell interactions Communication. The concentration of exosomes released from the placenta of pregnant women is 50 times that of non-pregnant women. The expression levels of exosomes and miRNAs in the exosomes of the patients with preeclampsia change, so that the matri-trophoblast invasion capacity is insufficient and the endothelial cells The function and angiogenic capacity lead to pathological pregnancy such as preeclampsia. Therefore, changes in pregnant women, the expression of exosomes in plasma can be applied to the clinical diagnosis of placental dysfunction.