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为明确辽宁省白头翁菌核病发生危害情况及其病原菌生物学特性,于2011—2013年对该省3个白头翁种植基地进行菌核病调查,并采用平板培养法和离体接种法对白头翁菌核病菌Sclerotinia nivalis Saito进行生物学特性研究和致病性测定。结果表明,白头翁菌核病在各种植基地发生程度不一,抚顺市白头翁发病较重,2013年一般地块病株率为0~37.1%,重者达60.4%,本溪市和沈阳市发病相对较轻,病株率分别为1.3%~10.0%和0~3.0%;随着白头翁栽培年限的增加,菌核病危害逐渐加重,1~4年生白头翁的病株率分别为0、12.3%、37.1%和60.4%;坡地沿山体横垄栽植较纵垄栽植发病重。白头翁菌核病菌在PDA培养基上生长最好,菌丝生长速度和菌核形成数分别为10.4 mm/d和101.0个/皿;菌丝生长和菌核形成的最适温度分别为20℃和15℃,最适pH均为6;连续光照和连续黑暗利于菌丝生长,光照条件下菌核形成最多;碳、氮源对菌丝生长和菌核形成的影响较大,菌丝生长最适碳源为果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖,以尿素作氮源抑制该菌生长。伤口有利于该病的发生发展,刺伤接种较未刺伤接种发病早,接种3 d后开始发病,6 d后即达高峰期。
In order to make it clear that the occurrence of Sclerotinia pallidum in Liaoning Province and the biological characteristics of its pathogenic bacteria, the investigation of Sclerotinia scabra was carried out in three Pulsatilla planting bases in the province from 2011 to 2013. The culture of Pulsatilla Sclerotinia nivalis Saito was tested for its biological characteristics and pathogenicity. The results showed that the occurrence of Sclerotinia pallidum in various planting sites varied from one to another. The incidence of Pulsatilla was relatively high in Fushun. In 2013, the average rate of diseased plants was 0-37.1% and the prevalence was 60.4%. The relative incidence of Benxi and Shenyang Lighter and diseased plants were 1.3% -10.0% and 0-3.0%, respectively. With the increase of Pulsatilla, the scab of the sclerotinia increased gradually. The strains of Pulsatilla in 1-4 years were 0, 12.3% 37.1% and 60.4% respectively. The slopes were heavier than those with longitudinal ridge planting. Pulsatilla sp. Grows best in PDA medium, the mycelium growth rate and the number of sclerotia formation are 10.4 mm / d and 101.0 pcs / dish respectively. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation is 20 ℃ and 15 ℃, the optimum pH was 6; continuous light and continuous darkness were conducive to the mycelium growth, the formation of most sclerotia under light conditions; carbon and nitrogen sources on the mycelial growth and sclerotia formed a greater impact on mycelium growth optimum Carbon sources are fructose, glucose and sucrose, and urea as a nitrogen source inhibits the growth of the bacteria. Wound is conducive to the occurrence and development of the disease, stabbing vaccination earlier than the incidence of non-stabbed vaccination, 3 days after inoculation began to attack, reached the peak after 6 days.