巨细胞病毒(CMV)是儿童先天性感染的重要病原,可引起多种急、慢性感染和神经系统迟发后遗症。早期和准确诊断儿童感染对优生优育和儿童健康意义重大。本文在结合国内外CMV感染诊断标准的基础上,介绍先天性CMV感染的临床表现、诊断标准、筛查策略和随访方法,旨在提高大家对该病的认识和重视。 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important pathogen of congenital infection in children and can cause a variety of acute and chronic infections and delayed sequelae of the nervous system. Early and accurate diagnosis of children’s infection is significant for prenatal and postnatal care and child health. Based on the diagnostic criteria of CMV infection both at home and abroad, this article introduces the clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, screening strategies and follow-up methods of congenital CMV infection in order to raise awareness of and emphasis on this disease.