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在双组分或多组分有机共晶中,特殊的分子堆积方式和聚集态结构以及不同组分之间的协同和集合效应,使得有机共晶不仅保留了单一组分的固有属性,而且展现出更多新颖的宏观光电性质,在电导、铁电、双极性电荷传输、光响应、发光和给受体组分间电荷转移过程等方面具有重要的研究价值和应用前景,为有机单晶器件的高性能化和多功能化发展提供了新途径。因此,有机共晶的制备和性能研究逐渐成为近年来的热点。在本文中我们首先详细地介绍了有机共晶的分类情况,根据形成晶体的作用力分为电荷转移晶体、通过π-π相互作用形成的晶体和以分子间氢键、卤键相互作用为主的晶体;其次,以经典的7,7,8,8-四氰基对苯二醌二甲烷(TCNQ)、1,2,4,5-苯四甲腈(TCNB)和富勒烯(C60)三种典型的受体分子为例,列举了常见的有机给受体材料;再次,介绍了8种制备有机共晶的常用方法,讨论了有机共晶中分子排布方式对性能的影响;最后,介绍了有机共晶在光电器件中的应用。我们相信有机共晶的理论和应用研究会进一步丰富和推动有机晶体材料和光电子学领域的发展。
In two-component or multi-component organic eutectic, the special molecular packing and aggregation states and the synergistic and collective effects between the different components make the organic eutectic not only retain the inherent properties of the single component, but also exhibit More novel macroscopic optoelectronic properties have important research value and application prospect in the fields of conductance, ferroelectricity, bipolar charge transport, photoresponse, luminescence and charge transfer process between acceptor components. Devices provide high performance and multi-functional development provides a new way. Therefore, the preparation and properties of organic eutectic has gradually become a hot spot in recent years. In this paper, we firstly introduce the classification of organic eutectic in detail. According to the force of crystal formation, it is divided into charge transfer crystal, the crystal formed by π-π interaction and the intermolecular hydrogen bond and halogen bond interaction (TCNQ), 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarbonitrile (TCNB) and fullerene (C60 ) Three typical acceptor molecules, for example, lists the common organic donor acceptor materials; Thirdly, introduces eight commonly used methods of preparation of organic eutectic, discusses the effect of molecular arrangement of organic eutectic on the performance; Finally, the application of organic eutectic in optoelectronic devices is introduced. We believe that the theory and application of organic eutectic research will further enrich and promote the development of organic crystal materials and optoelectronics.