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在近几十年中,奥地利的农业利用形式发生了根本性的改变,饲料和粮食玉米地的面积不断增加,相反,草地和牧场的面积却不断减少,在一个流域内这种农业利用形式的转变以及与其相联系的地块合并、地形的改变都使地表径流和土壤侵蚀发生了变化。地表径流和土壤侵蚀可以在试验地上利用天然和人工降雨进行测定,而且模拟降雨有很大的优越性,用它可以不受天然降雨偶然性的限制来研究变化了的地表径流和土壤侵蚀状况,还可以迅速地在不同土壤类型、不同坡长、不同坡度以及不同种植情况下,用不同的降雨量分析地表径流利土壤侵蚀状况,还可用统一的计算机模型进行参数计算。
In recent decades, the form of agricultural use in Austria has undergone fundamental changes. The area of feed and food corn fields has been increasing. On the contrary, the area of grasslands and pastures has been declining. This form of agricultural utilization in a watershed Changes and associated land parcels combined with changes in topography have resulted in changes in surface runoff and soil erosion. Surface runoff and soil erosion can be determined using both natural and artificial rainfall on the test site and there is great advantage in simulating rainfall with which it is possible to study changing surface runoff and soil erosion without being limited by incidental rains of natural rainfall. It can quickly analyze the soil erosion under different soil types, different slope lengths, different slopes and different planting situations with different rainfalls, and calculate the parameters with a unified computer model.