遗传性肾炎(Alport综合征)是一类X性联锁或常染色体显性遗传性疾病,分为Ⅰ～Ⅳ六个亚型。临床特征为高频性感音性耳聋,血尿或伴蛋白尿、进行性肾功能下降,可伴有眼部改变.肾活检组织电镜检查,肾小球基底膜肥厚、菲薄、分裂、断裂或呈网目状。基因分析α_5(Ⅳ)胶原遗传性基因缺如、变异或伴α_3、α_4(Ⅳ)基因异常。采用分子生物学技术筛查末梢血白细胞DNA可早期诊断本病。 Hereditary nephritis (Alport syndrome) is a class of X-linked or autosomal dominant genetic disease, divided into Ⅰ ~ Ⅳ six subtypes. Clinical features of high-frequency acoustic deafness, hematuria or associated with proteinuria, progressive renal dysfunction, may be associated with ocular changes. Kidney biopsy electron microscopy, glomerular basement membrane hypertrophy, meager, split, fracture or mesh Head shape. Genetic analysis of α_5 (Ⅳ) collagen genetic lack, mutation or with α_3, α_4 (Ⅳ) gene abnormalities. The use of molecular biology techniques for screening peripheral blood leukocyte DNA early diagnosis of the disease.