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应用DSSAT模型中的CERES-Maize作物模型和Century土壤模型,分析了作物管理参数、施肥量、土壤初始氮含量和作物桔杆还田对吉林省黑土地区玉米生长、氮循环以及有机碳氮生态平衡的影响.结果表明:在玉米目标产量为12000～15000kg.hm-2条件下,最佳施氮肥量为200～240kgN.hm-2.在该氮肥用量下,玉米地上氮吸收量为250～290kgN.hm-2,其中,120～140kgN.hm-2来自土壤,130～150kgN.hm-2来自肥料;提高氮肥用量(250～420kgN.hm-2)将导致土壤残留氮明显增加(63～183kgN.hm-2);延迟追肥时间同样导致土壤残留氮增加;当玉米秸杆还田量超过6000kg.hm-2时,模拟的土壤活性有机碳、氮可以维持当年的供需平衡.建议在吉林省中部地区黑土玉米带,化肥施氮量控制在200～240kgN.hm-2,适时追肥,秸杆还田量在6000kg.hm-2以上,以确保高产和维持土壤养分生态平衡.
Using the CERES-Maize crop model and the Century soil model in the DSSAT model, the effects of crop management parameters, fertilization rate, initial soil nitrogen content and maize straw returning on maize growth, nitrogen cycling and organic carbon-nitrogen balance in black soil region of Jilin Province were analyzed The results showed that under the condition of 12000 ~ 15000kg.hm-2, the optimum amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 200 ~ 240kgN.hm-2. Under the nitrogen application rate, the aboveground nitrogen uptake of corn was 250 ~ 290kgN .hm-2, of which 120-140kgN.hm-2 was from the soil and 130-150kgN.hm-2 was from the fertilizer. Increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer (250-420kgN.hm-2) would lead to a significant increase of soil residual nitrogen (63-183kgN .hm-2). Delayed top dressing time also led to the increase of soil residual nitrogen. When the amount of corn straw returned to more than 6000kg.hm-2, the simulated soil active organic carbon and nitrogen could maintain the supply and demand balance of the year. Black soil corn belt in the central region, nitrogen fertilizer control in the 200 ~ 240kgN.hm-2, timely top-dressing, straw in the amount of more than 6000kg.hm-2 to ensure high yield and maintain soil nutrient balance.