在一开始讨论中国“入世”问题的时候,就有学者敏锐地指出,中国加入WTO的主要收益不是贸易自由化,而是通过开放促进改革和竞争。布鲁金斯学会的中国经济专家拉迪先生认为,中国加入WTO是为了推动关键性部门,如电信、交通部门的改革。为什么人们相信“入世”后,随着开放程度的提高,竞争程度也会不断提高?这样判断的理由有三:一是随着关税和非关税壁垒的下降,进口商品和服务的增加将提高市场的总供给,供给的上升必然导致竞争加剧;二是随着市场准入条件的放松,进入中国市场的国外企业数量也会增加,显然企业数量的增加也会通过供给的增加而加剧竞争;三是随着市场准入条件的放松,外商可以进入的领域也会增多,这无疑也是竞争的 At the very beginning of discussing China’s accession to the WTO, some scholars pointedly pointed out that the main benefit of China’s accession to the WTO is not trade liberalization but promotion of reform and competition through opening up. Mr. Radi, a Chinese economic expert from the Brookings Institution, believes that China’s accession to the WTO is intended to promote the reform of key sectors such as the telecommunications and transportation sectors. Why do people believe that after China’s WTO accession, the degree of competition will continue to increase as the degree of openness increases? There are three reasons for this judgment: First, as tariffs and non-tariff barriers decline, the increase in imports of goods and services will increase the market Second, as the market access conditions are relaxed, the number of foreign enterprises entering the Chinese market will also increase. Obviously, the increase in the number of enterprises will also aggravate the competition through the increase in supply. Third, With the easing of market access conditions, the areas where foreign investors can enter will also increase, which is undoubtedly also competitive