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早期著作时期(1843-1848年)马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》以及《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》和《德意志意识形态》中,分别对人的本质作了不同的表述,即“自由的有意识的活动”、“一切社会关系的总和”、“他们的需要即他们的本性”。不能简单地把这三种表述理解为是马克思从不同角度、不同方面对人的本质的揭示,因为这三种表述并不是一个平行并列的关系。在早期著作时期,马克思的思想经历了一个从抽象到具体、从不成熟到成熟的发展历程,同马克思的整体思想发展相一致,这一时期马克思关于“人的本质”的三种不同表述并不是一个平行并列的关系,而是一个从抽象到具体、从表层到深层的不断丰富、不断完善的过程。
Early period of writing (1843-1848) Marx in the “Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844” and “Feuerbach’s theses” and “German Ideology”, respectively, made a different representation of the human nature, namely “Free conscious activity”, “The sum of all social relations”, “Their need is their nature.” We can not simply understand these three representations as disclosing the essence of man from different angles and different aspects because these three representations are not parallel and parallel relations. During his early writings, Marx’s thought went through a process of development from abstractness to concreteness and from immaturity to maturity, which is consistent with the development of Marx’s whole thought. In this period, Marx discussed three kinds of “people’s essence” The expression is not a parallel parallel relationship, but a process of continuous enrichment and continuous improvement from abstract to concrete and from surface to deep.