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“援越抗美”是对一项持续了十余年之久的大规模对外军事援助政策的概括,这项政策有一个酝酿、形成和演变的过程,1960年至1965年夏是形成时期,包括1960夏季到第二次日内瓦会议结束和1962年夏到1965年夏中国派出支援部队等两个阶段。期间同时出现了几个重大事件,如越南劳动党中央的南方统一战略形成与南方武装斗争迅速升级、1962年秋季中国对外政策转向激进化、中苏关系急剧恶化直至同盟“名存实亡”、美国军事干涉逐步升级直到轰炸北越和大规模投入地面部队。这几个事态都在1965年达到各自演变的高潮,它们共同构成了中国政策形成的主要背景。本文将揭示它们之间的关联及其对援越抗美政策形成的根本性影响。
“Aid Vietnam and the United States” is a generalization of a large-scale foreign military aid policy that lasted for more than 10 years. This policy has a process of brewing, forming and evolving. From 1960 to the summer of 1965, it was formed Period, including the summer of 1960 until the end of the second Geneva Conference and the summer of 1962 to the summer of 1965 China sent support troops and other two stages. During the same period, several major events occurred. For instance, the formation of the unification strategy for the south of the Vietnamese Workers Party Central Committee and the rapid escalating armed struggle in the south led to the radicalization of China’s foreign policy in the autumn of 1962, the sharp deterioration of the Sino-Soviet relations until the alliance " Military intervention escalated until North Korea was bombed and large-scale deployment of ground forces. Both of these events reached the climax of their respective evolutions in 1965, and together they formed the main backdrop for the formation of China’s policy. This article will reveal the connection between them and their fundamental influence on the formation of the Aid Vietnam policy.