目的掌握山东省单县越冬蚊虫的种类、密度及分布情况,为制定有效的灭蚊措施提供依据。方法 2014年12月上旬—2015年3月下旬,选择越冬蚊虫的主要栖息场所,每旬1次,采用目测法估算越冬蚊虫密度,并使用电动吸蚊器捕捉成蚊,带回实验室解剖,观察蚊虫体内脂肪体累积和卵巢发育的情况。结果连续12次调查共捕获成蚊2318只,均为淡色库蚊,其中,蔬菜棚和垃圾房的越冬蚊虫最多,公共厕所最少;调查发现1月上旬雄蚊开始消失,3月中旬重新出现;2月下旬雌蚊体内脂肪体沉积骤减,3月中旬开始消失;3月上旬起捕捉到吸血雌蚊和卵巢发育的雌蚊。结论山东省单县地区淡色库蚊以雌性成蚊越冬为多,灭蚊应从3月份开始为好,并根据实际制定好越冬蚊的控制措施。 Objective To understand the species, density and distribution of overwintering mosquitoes in single counties of Shandong Province and provide the basis for developing effective anti-mosquito measures. Methods From the beginning of December 2014 to the end of March 2015, the main habitat of overwintering mosquitoes was selected, once every ten days. The mosquito density of overwintering mosquitoes was estimated by visual inspection and the mosquitoes were captured by mosquito electric mosquitoes and brought back to laboratory. Observation of mosquito body fat accumulation and ovarian development. Results A total of 2318 adult mosquitoes were captured in 12 consecutive surveys, of which Culex pipiens pallens were the most common. Among them, the mosquitoes were the most overwintering in vegetable sheds and garbage houses, with the least number of public toilets. The survey found that male mosquitoes began to disappear in early January and reappeared in mid-March. In late February, the fat body deposition in female mosquitoes plummeted and disappeared in mid-March. Female mosquitoes were also captured during the first trimester of the month. Conclusion Culex pipiens pallens overwinter in female single mosquito in Shanxian County, Shandong Province, China should be started as early as March, and control measures should be formulated according to the actual conditions.