目的:探讨肿瘤溶解综合征在急性髓性白血病的发病率、生化特点、高危因素、预防及治疗。方法:回顾性分析84例急性髓性白血病化疗前、后血液、生化指标等临床资料。结果:84例患者中8例(9.5%)并发肿瘤溶解综合征,其中5例(6.0%)为实验室肿瘤溶解综合征,3例(3.6%)为临床肿瘤溶解综合征;临床、生化特点表现为高钾血症、高磷血症、高尿酸血症、低钙血症和急性肾功能衰竭;化疗前白细胞计数、乳酸脱氢酶水平高的患者易并发。结论:肿瘤溶解综合征在急性髓性白血病并不罕见,前期预防及早期诊治是降低该综合征病死率的关键。 Objective: To investigate the incidence of tumor lytic syndrome in acute myeloid leukemia, biochemical characteristics, risk factors, prevention and treatment. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 84 cases of acute myeloid leukemia before and after chemotherapy, blood, biochemical indicators and other clinical data. Results: Eight of 84 patients (9.5%) had tumor lysis syndrome, of which 5 (6.0%) were laboratory tumor lysis syndrome and 3 (3.6%) were clinical tumor lysis syndrome. The clinical and biochemical characteristics Manifested as hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, hypocalcemia and acute renal failure; pre-chemotherapy leukocyte count, high levels of lactate dehydrogenase patients complicated by complications. Conclusion: Tumor lysis syndrome is not uncommon in acute myeloid leukemia. Pre-prevention and early diagnosis and treatment are the keys to reduce the mortality of this syndrome.