为了最大地发挥抗生素药物的作用,而使其毒副反应的发生降至最低程度,在临床上必须合理使用。1982年上海、北京、四川等地区,曾分别对部分医院进行了抗菌药物的临床使用情况的调查、调查结果表明:抗生素药与其他抗菌药物占全部处方的28％、在住院患者中使用抗生素者约占总病人数的42％。庆大霉素的使用量占第2位。如按使用人次统计、则占第1位。近年来由于新抗生素的不断增加、庆大霉素在城市医院中的使用量有所下降、但在基层医疗单位中仍占很高比率。部分属用药不当,上呼吸道感染多为病毒引起,如伤风、感冒等,如无继发性感染、并无用抗生素的指征;发热原因一时不明者不宜轻易采用抗生素。另外由于青霉素G易发生速发型过敏反应,必须先做皮试、且 In order to maximize the role of antibiotic drugs, leaving the occurrence of toxic side effects to a minimum, the clinical application must be reasonable. In 1982, Shanghai, Beijing, Sichuan and other regions, respectively, some hospitals conducted an investigation of the clinical use of antibacterial drugs, the survey results show that: antibiotics and other antibiotics accounted for 28% of the total prescriptions, inpatients with antibiotics who About 42% of the total number of patients. Gentamicin accounted for the second place. If according to statistics, then the first place. In recent years, the use of gentamicin in urban hospitals has declined due to the continuous increase of new antibiotics, but still occupies a high proportion of primary medical units. Part of the improper use of drugs, upper respiratory tract infections are mostly caused by a virus, such as colds, flu, etc., if there is no secondary infection, and no indication of antibiotics; fever for a time unknown patients should not be easily adopted antibiotics. In addition, due to rapid onset of penicillin G allergic reactions, skin test must be done first, and