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最新研究数据显示，肝癌患者死亡人数位居恶性肿瘤第3位，全球肝癌早发现、早诊断和早治疗的情形严峻，如何实现肝癌的早期诊断具有重要的临床意义。目前临床上常用甲胎蛋白、甲胎蛋白-L3和脱-γ-羧基凝血酶原检测肝细胞癌，然而其灵敏度无法满足早期肝癌患者的诊断需求；随着分子生物学技术的发展，血清寡糖链检测、醛酮还原酶家族1成员B10、微小RNAs、循环肿瘤细胞和DNA甲基化等新型血清生物学标志物等检测指标为肝细胞癌患者的早期筛查和诊断提供了新的选择。“,”The latest research data shows that the cause of death of liver cancer patients ranks third among malignant tumors. The global situation of early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of liver cancer is severe. Therefore, how to achieve early diagnosis of liver cancer has important clinical significance. At present, alpha-fetoprotein, alpha-fetoprotein-L3 and des-gamma-carboxythrombin are commonly used in the clinical detection of hepatocellular carcinoma; however, their sensitivity cannot meet the diagnostic needs of patients with early liver cancer. With the development of molecular biology techniques such as serum oligosaccharide chains detection, B10, a member of the aldehyde ketone reductase family, microRNAs, circulating tumor cells, DNA methylation, and other novel serum biomarkers, a new option for the early screening and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients will be offered.