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目的了解浦东新区中学生体育运动和锻炼在青少年健康危险行为中所处的状况和规律,探索增强青少年体质的恰当方式,为各级卫生、教育部门制定学生体育运动、常见病与伤害的预防、干预提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法,抽取浦东新区中心城区、郊区中心镇和农村地区21所中学和2所中职技校5 642名学生进行青少年健康危险行为问卷调查。结果调查人数为5 768人,有效问卷5 641人,有效率97.80%。男生2 752人,女生2 889人,男女比例为0.95∶1;不同性别、校别和地区之间,一般日常活动的发生率相比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=174.807,P<0.01;χ2=153.565,P<0.01;χ2=101.170,P<0.01)。结论政府、教育和卫生等主要部门有必要针对不同地区、不同性别及不同年龄层次的学生制定适宜的宣教和防治规划,增加必要的活动和锻炼时间,并提供一个良好的、符合青少年特点的环境,提高青少年锻炼的积极性和协调性,安全度过健康危险行为的高发期。
Objective To understand the status and laws of middle school students in Pudong New Area for physical exercise and exercise in adolescent health risk behaviors and to explore appropriate ways to enhance the physical fitness of adolescents and to make plans for the prevention and intervention of students’ sports, common diseases and injuries at all levels of health and education departments Provide a scientific basis. Methods A multistage stratified sampling method was adopted to collect 5 642 students from 21 middle schools in Pudong New District Central Town, suburban centers and rural areas and 2 vocational technical secondary schools to conduct a questionnaire survey on health risk behaviors among adolescents. Results The survey population was 5 768, effective questionnaires 5 641 people, the effective rate was 97.80%. There were 2 752 boys and 2 889 girls, the ratio of male to female was 0.95:1. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 174.807, P <0.01) between different sexes, schooling and regions, and the incidence of common daily activities ; χ2 = 153.565, P <0.01; χ2 = 101.170, P <0.01). Conclusion It is necessary for major government, education and health sectors to formulate suitable programs for education and prevention and control for students of different regions, genders and ages, to increase necessary activities and exercise time, and to provide a good environment suitable for adolescents , Improve the enthusiasm and coordination of young people to exercise, safety and health risk-taking period of high incidence.