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1991年苏联解体震惊世界,国内外的学者对苏联解体的原因作了多方面的探讨。在此分析了导致苏联解体的三个原因——经济的崩溃、共产主义信仰的丧失以及上层的背叛,认为经济因素是苏联解体的根本原因,经济问题所引发的一系列的政治的、民族的问题,最终导致地苏联这艘航母的沉没。一方面,经济的崩溃,导致了底层人民的抛弃;另一方面,经济利益促使了苏联上层——党国精英、既得利益集团的背叛。而共产主义信仰的丧失,是苏共解散、苏联解体的重要的深层原因,一般民众和普通的党员干部,丧失了共产主义信仰,苏共的领导集团也背弃了自己的政治信仰,以这种信仰为基础的联盟和政党也就难以幸存。
The disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 shocked the world. Scholars at home and abroad made various discussions on the reasons for the disintegration of the Soviet Union. This article analyzes three reasons that led to the disintegration of the Soviet Union - the collapse of economy, the loss of communist faith and the betrayal of the upper class. It considers economic factors as the fundamental reasons for the disintegration of the Soviet Union and a series of political and ethnic The problem eventually led to the sinking of the Soviet aircraft carrier. On the one hand, the collapse of the economy led to the abandonment of the people on the ground; on the other hand, the economic interests promoted the betrayal of the elite of the party and state in the Soviet Union and the vested interest groups. The loss of communism is an important underlying reason for the dissolution of the Soviet Communist Party and the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The general public and ordinary party members and cadres have lost their faith in communism. The leadership groups of the CPSU have also renounced their political beliefs. Faith-based alliances and parties can hardly survive.