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焉耆盆地四面环山,西北高东南低,上游坡降1/（80—100）,中游坡降1/（500—1,000）,下游坡降1/（1,000—5,000）,中部平坦,是一个山间盆地。气候方面:年降雨量43—85公厘,年蒸发量1,639—1,984公厘;最高温度38℃,最低温度-25℃,昼夜温差大;最大风力6—7级,属于大陆性气候。主要水源开都河自西北流向东南,穿过中部注入博斯腾湖。地下水位1.5—2.5米（开发前为4—7米）。原始荒地一米土层含盐量1—36％,一般盐壳厚5—30厘米;大部分为草甸盐土,根据土壤形成和变化过程,可以具体划分为三个类型:即上游为荒漠化的草甸土,中游为草甸土,下游为沼泽化草甸土。
The Yanqi Basin is surrounded by mountains on four sides, low in the northwest and high in the southeast, with a gradient of 1 / (80-100) in the upper reaches, a slope of 1 / (500-1,000) in the middle reaches and 1 / (1,000-5,000) in the lower slope. Between basins. Climate: Annual rainfall of 43-85 mm, the annual evaporation of 1,639-1,984 mm; maximum temperature of 38 ℃, the lowest temperature of -25 ℃, large temperature difference between day and night; maximum wind 6-7, belongs to the continental climate. The main source of water all open river flows from northwest to southeast, through the central Bosten Lake. Groundwater level 1.5-2.5 meters (4-7 meters before the development). In the original wasteland, the amount of salt in one-meter soil layer is 1-36%, and the average salt shell is 5-30 cm in thickness. Most of them are meadow salinities, which can be divided into three types according to the process of soil formation and change: Meadow soil, the middle reaches of the meadow soil, the lower reaches of the marsh meadow soil.