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【目的】筛选适宜设施促成栽培的葡萄品种。【方法】以上海地区设施栽培常用的‘巨峰’等19个葡萄品种及从日本新引进的‘阳光玫瑰’等28个品种为材料,测定和分析了这些葡萄品种的光合和叶绿素荧光特性。【结果】根据光合特征参数光补偿点(LCP)、最大净光合速率(Pm)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)、表观量子效率(AQY)等及叶绿素荧光参数光化学猝灭(q P)、非光化学猝灭(NPQ)等对47个品种的耐弱光能力进行了评价。LCP与Rd呈极显著性正相关,Rd是影响LCP的主要因素,耐弱光品种具有Rd低、弱光下净光合速率高的特点。用光补偿点表征的47个葡萄品种的耐弱光能力可分为:1)极耐弱光品种(LCP=0~10μmol·m-2·s-1)有‘希娜玛瑙’‘独角兽’‘紫苑’‘红罗莎’‘白罗莎’‘阳光胭脂’‘里奇巴巴’‘婴儿手指’‘凉玉’‘红港’和‘阿莫莱玫瑰’共11个;2)耐弱光品种(LCP=10~30μmol·m-2·s-1)有‘巨峰’‘皇家’‘东方之星’‘10-1’‘晚熟里扎马特’‘甲斐路’‘黑彼特’‘黑天鹅’‘黑三尺’‘高蓓蕾’‘罗兰玫瑰’‘早茉莉’‘秋峰’‘库尔干玫瑰’‘粉红亚都蜜’‘相模’和‘京亚’共17个;3)较耐弱光品种(LCP=30~50μmol·m-2·s-1)有‘旭旺4号’‘奥古斯特’‘无核早红’‘希姆劳特’(‘喜乐’)‘MTC斯蒂本’‘康能玫瑰’‘夏黑’和‘美人指’共8个;4)不耐弱光品种(LCP=50~100μmol·m-2·s-1)有‘意大利’‘鲁沙其’‘桃太郎’‘阳光玫瑰’‘藤稔’‘无核白鸡心’‘意其克马尔’‘夏绿’‘巨玫瑰’和‘醉金香’共10个;5)极不耐弱光品种(LCP大于100μmol·m-2·s-1)有‘圣诞玫瑰’。【结论】净光合速率(Pn)、光补偿点(LCP)和暗呼吸速率(Rd)对评价葡萄品种的耐弱光能力具有参考价值,LCP在0~50μmol·m-2·s-1的‘希娜玛瑙’‘独角兽’‘紫苑’‘红罗莎’等36个品种为适合早春促成栽培的耐弱光葡萄品种。其中‘巨峰’‘夏黑’‘粉红亚都蜜’‘红罗莎’‘希姆劳特’‘京亚’‘美人指’‘奥古斯特’‘罗兰玫瑰’‘阳光胭脂’‘凉玉’‘里奇巴巴’‘高蓓蕾’‘红港’‘婴儿手指’‘黑三尺’‘10-1’‘黑彼特’‘无核早红’‘旭旺4号’‘相模’‘库尔干玫瑰’‘秋峰’‘早茉莉’‘康能玫瑰’这25个葡萄品种同时也具备较强的耐强光能力。
【Objective】 Screening suitable varieties of cultivated grape cultivars. 【Method】 The photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of 19 grape cultivars such as ’Jufeng’ commonly used in facility cultivation in Shanghai and ’Sunshine Rose’ newly introduced from Japan were studied. 【Result】 The results showed that LCP, Pm, Rd, AQY and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (qP), non-photochemical quenching Photochemical quenching (NPQ) and other 47 varieties of weak light tolerance were evaluated. Rd was extremely significant positive correlation with Rd, Rd is the main factor affecting the LCP, resistant to weak light varieties with Rd low, net photosynthetic rate in low light characteristics. The resistance to weak light of 47 grape cultivars characterized by light compensation points can be divided into: 1) extremely resistant to low light varieties (LCP = 0 ~ 10μmol · m-2 · s-1) Beast, Aster, Red Rosa, White Rosa, Sunshine Rouge, Ridge Baba, Baby Finger, Jade, Honggong and Amorae Rose. 2) Resistance Weak light varieties (LCP = 10 ~ 30μmol · m-2 · s-1) have ’Kyoho’ Royal ’Oriental Star’ ’10 -1 ’Lateri Rizamatt’ ’Black Swan’ ’black three feet’ ’’ High Bud ’’ ’Roland Rose’ ’’ jasmine ’autumn peak’ ’Kurgan rose’ More resistant to low light varieties (LCP = 30 ~ 50μmol · m-2 · s-1) There are ’Xuwang 4’ ’Auguste’ ’nuclear seedless red’ Himmoth ’(’ Joy ’) ’MTC Stirling,’ “Kangnai Rose,” “Summer Black,” and “The Beauty Finger,” a total of 8; 4) impatient weaker varieties (LCP = 50 ~ 100μmol · m-2 · s-1) ’Lushaqi’ Momotaro ’Sunshine Rose’ ’Fujieda’ ’seedless white chicken heart’ meaning Kemal ’ There are 10 “Summer Roses” and “Golden Roses”; 5) There are Christmas Roses’ which are extremely resistant to weak light varieties (LCP greater than 100μmol · m-2 · s-1). 【Conclusion】 The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), light compensation point (LCP) and dark respiration rate (Rd) were of great value in evaluating the tolerance of low light tolerance of grape cultivars. LCP at 0-50 μmol · m-2 · s-1 36 varieties of ’Shinawatra’, ’Unicorns’, ’Aster’ and ’Red Rosa’ were low-light-resistant varieties suitable for early spring cultivation. Among them, ’Kyoho’ ’summer’ pink ’yadame honey’ ’red Rosa’ ’Himmoth’ ’Beijing Asia’ ’beauty means’ August’ ’Roland Rose’ ’sun rouge’ ’cool jade’ ’Ridge Baba’ ’High Bud’ ’Red Harbor’ ’Baby Finger’ ’black three feet’ ’10 -1’ ’’ ’’ ’’ ’’ ’’ ’’ ’’ ’’ ’’ ’’ ’’ ’’ ’’ ’ Rose ’’ Qiufeng ’’ Jasmine ’’ Kangneng Rose ’These 25 grape varieties also have a strong ability to withstand glare.