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要了解日本企业的“自己人”意识,首先需要明白两个在日本有特定意义的词,一个是“资格”,另一个是“场所”,这是因为在日本构成集体的首要条件,在于个人资格的共性和场所的共有。“资格”这一词,在日本表示了社会中个人的一定本质,这要比中国人通常使用的“资格”的意义广泛得多。诸如姓氏、门第等个人与生俱来的东西,以及象学历、地位、职业等个人后天获得的东西都是资格。从经济方面看,资本家、工人、地主等,也都属于资格的范畴。甚至连男女老幼这种一定的生理、生物差别,也作为资格的一种。“场所”则是指一定的地区、一定的所属机关等不拘资格,而根据一定的圈子,由一定的个人构成的
To understand the “self-human” consciousness of Japanese companies, first of all, it is necessary to understand two words with specific meaning in Japan. One is “qualification” and the other is “place.” This is because the primary condition for forming a collective in Japan lies in the individual. The commonality of qualifications and the commonality of places. The term “qualification” in Japan expresses the certain nature of individuals in society, which is much broader than the meaning of “qualification” commonly used by Chinese people. Individuals born with personal names such as surnames and doors, as well as things acquired by individuals, such as academic qualifications, status, and occupation, are qualified. From an economic point of view, capitalists, workers, landowners, etc., are also eligible. Even the certain physiological and biological differences between men, women and children are a kind of qualification. “Place” refers to a certain area, a certain affiliation institution, etc., which are not qualified. According to a certain circle, it is composed of certain individuals.