论文部分内容阅读
为探索不同机械化栽植方式对华南双季稻区的适应性及其影响机理,2011-2014年连续4 a在广东省肇庆市和江门市,以钵体苗人工手插为对照,安排了钵体毯状苗机插、毯状苗机插和毯状苗窄行机插3种机械化栽植方式的对比试验。应用主效可加互作可乘(additive main effects and multiplicative interaction,AMMI)模型对影响水稻产量的栽植方式、环境和二者的互作进行了分析,进而对不同栽植方式的适应性进行了评价。结果表明:不同栽植方式水稻产量的单因素方差分析显示,3种机械化栽植方式对常规稻都具有良好的适应性,可替代人工手插大面积推广使用;而杂交稻各次试验中3种机插秧栽植方式的产量都低于人工手插,杂交稻机插秧问题还需进一步研究。AMMI分析中,栽植方式平方和、环境平方和及二者的互作平方和分别占处理平方和的6.39%、85.29%和8.31%,都达到了极显著差异水平(P<0.01);AMMI模型的交互效应主成分(interaction principal component analysis,IPCA)前2个达到显著水平,两项累计解释了互作平方和的92.99%;残差均方根(root mean square,RMS)的值为49.34 kg/hm2,占总均值的0.71%,表明AMMI2模型对试验的数据结构进行了很好的拟合。适应性评价显示,人工手插的平均产量最高,与环境存在较大正互作,是目前杂交稻种植中最好的栽植方式,但稳定性欠佳;毯状苗机插的平均产量最低,与环境的互作最小,是一种稳定性较好的栽植方式;钵体毯状苗机插的稳定性不及毯状苗机插,但平均产量高于毯状苗机插,与毯状苗机插相比平均增产约-2%~6%;毯状苗窄行机插的稳定性不及钵体毯状苗机插,但平均产量与钵体毯状苗机插相差不大,在杂交晚稻种植中常常高于钵体毯状苗机插。研究结论对推进华南双季稻区种植机械化的发展具有重要参考价值。
In order to explore the adaptability of different mechanized planting modes to South China double cropping rice area and its mechanism of impact, 2011-2014 consecutive 4 a in Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province and Jiangmen City, to bowl seedlings artificial hand inserted as a control arrangement of the bowl Blanket Miao machine inserted, blank Miao machine inserted blanket seedling narrow row machine inserted three kinds of mechanized planting contrast test. The main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) models were applied to analyze the planting methods, environment and the interaction between the two, and then the adaptability of different planting methods was evaluated . The results showed that the single-factor analysis of variance of rice yield under different planting methods showed that the three mechanized planting methods had good adaptability to conventional rice, which could replace the popularization and application of artificial hand-insert. In hybrid rice, Transplantation planting methods are lower than the production of hand inserted, hybrid rice transplanting need further study. In the AMMI analysis, the square root sum of the planting methods, the sum of the environmental squares, and the square of the sum of the squares of the interaction accounted for 6.39%, 85.29% and 8.31% of the square sum of the treatments, respectively, reaching extremely significant differences (P <0.01) The first two of the interaction principal component analysis (IPCA) reached a significant level, and both of them accounted for 92.99% of the sum of squares of interactions; the root mean square (RMS) value of 49.34 kg / hm2, accounting for 0.71% of the total mean, indicating that the AMMI2 model fitted well to the experimental data structure. The adaptability evaluation showed that the average yield of artificial hand insertion was the highest and there was a large positive interaction with the environment. It is the best planting method in hybrid rice planting at present, but its stability is not good. The average output of blank plant is the lowest, The interaction of the environment is the smallest, is a better stability of the planting methods; bowl blank Miaoji inserted less stability than blanket seedling machine inserted, but the average yield is higher than the blanket seedling machine inserted, and carpet seedling machine Compared with the average increase about 2% ~ 6% plug; blanket seedling narrow row machine inserted less stability than the blanket seedling machine plug inserted, but the average yield and mortar blanket machine inserted little difference between the hybrid late rice Planting is often higher than the bowl blank Miao machine inserted. The conclusion of the study has important reference value for promoting the development of planting mechanization in South China double cropping rice area.