一、铅丹的应用及变色现象铅丹,《本草纲目》中称为黄丹、丹粉和朱粉,在绘画著作中还有铅红、漳丹、章丹等名。由于铅丹为红色,习惯上又叫红丹口。它是古代常用的一种颜料,广泛应用于古建油饰彩画、彩绘陶器、泥塑和壁画中。文献中对古建油饰彩画工艺就有“章丹打底,银朱盖面”的记载。经分析测量秦俑彩绘红色颜料中使用了铅丹;作者检测到西北大学唐代墓葬彩绘陶缸残片中有铅丹颜料;山西华严寺观音图壁画、内蒙古阿尔寨石窟、新疆克孜尔石窟、甘肃榆林窟和东千佛洞壁画中的红色颜料都含有铅丹。特别是属于我国四大石窟之一、被列入《世界文化遗产名目》的敦煌莫高 First, the application of red lead and discoloration Phenomenon lead Dan, “Compendium of Materia Medica” called Huang Dan, Dan Fen and Zhu Fen, in the painting there are lead red, Zhang Dan, Zhang Dan and other names. Due to the red lead red, used to be called red Dan mouth. It is a commonly used ancient pigment, widely used in ancient building oil painting, painted pottery, clay sculpture and murals. The literature on ancient building oil painting process has “Zhang Dan backing, silver Zhu cover” record. The analysis of the terracotta figure painted red pigment used in the red lead; the author detected the Northwest Tang Dynasty tombs painted pottery fragments lead Dan pigment; Shanxi Huayansi Temple Guanyin Figure murals, Inner Mongolia Arzhai Caves, Xinjiang Kizil Grottoes , Yulin Cave in Gansu Province and East Thousand Buddha Cave murals contain red lead pigments. In particular, one of the four caves in China, was listed in the “World Cultural Heritage Project” Dunhuang Mogao