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目的:评价持续质量改进措施降低新生儿重症监护病房(neonatal intensive care unit，NICU)早产儿医院感染及并发症发生率的效果。方法:选择2015年5月至2018年4月河北省儿童医院NICU收治的胎龄<34周且日龄0.05)。医院感染发生率经质量改进后明显降低，3组分别为15.3%、10.2%、7.5%，干预2组与基线年组比较，差异有统计学意义(n P<0.05)。3组共80例早产儿发生医院感染，败血症、呼吸机相关性肺炎、尿路感染所占比例分别为85.0%、13.8%、1.2%。与基线年组比较，干预组手卫生依从率明显提高，经外周中心静脉置管天数缩短，抗生素使用天数明显缩短，差异有统计学意义(n P0.05)。干预2组总住院时间短于基线年组和干预1组，差异有统计学意义(n P0.05). After QI, the incidence of NI decreased significantly, with 15.3%, 10.2% and 7.5% in the three groups respectively. There was significant difference between the intervention group 2 and the control group (n P < 0.05). A total of 80 premature infants in the three groups developed NI, of which sepsis, ventilator-associated pneumonia and urinary tract infection accounted for 85.0%, 13.8% and 1.2%, respectively. Compared with the control group, the compliance rate of hand washing after intervention was significantly improved, the days of peripheral central venous catheterization and the days of antibiotics therapy were significantly shortened, and the difference was statistically significant ( n P0.05). The hospital stay of intervention group 2 was shorter than that of control group and intervention group 1, and the difference was statistically significant (n P<0.05).n Conclusion:Through the implementation of continuous QI measures, the incidence of nosocomial infection in premature infants of NICU can be declined, and the related complications of premature infants can also be reduced.